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Recent history of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department
The recent history of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department covers the period 2001 to present. This period begins when the District of Columbia Financial Control Board turned control over the city's budget to the Government of the District of Columbia. This somewhat coincides with the election of Anthony A. Williams as Mayor of the District of Columbia. Between 2000 and 2013, four Fire Chiefs oversaw the D.C. Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department: Ronnie Few, Adrian H. Thompson, Dennis L. Rubin, and Kenneth B. Ellerbe. This period has been marked by repeated controversies and scandals. Chief Few's tenure is generally considered to be very troubled, with controversies over hiring and promotions, training, and firefighter grooming, as well as multi-million dollar equipment failures. Chief Thompson's tenure is widely praised, although there were troubles in the emergency medical services (EMS) division, and controversy over the grooming policy continued. A significant scandal over the death of journalist David Rosenbaum led to widespread changes in the department and a merger of the firefighter and EMS division.
Chief Dennis L. Rubin's tenure is also considered largely successful. The grooming policy controversy ended, but scandals over skyrocketing overtime, budget lapses, and the hiring of three deputy fire chiefs occurred during his chieftaincy. A major controversay over the generous retirement terms offered to Deputy Chief Kenneth B. Ellerbe led to a number of investigations. Rubin resigned after a change in mayors, and Ellerbe was appointed Fire Chief. Ellerbe's tenure has been plagued by repeated scandal, including several involving his own hiring. Other controversies during Ellerbe's tenure include several uniform changes, significantly higher overtime pay, communication policy changed, charges of lying over how to count arson in the city, and retaliation against department employees. Controversial changes firefighter and ambulance staffing have never been implemented. As of fall 2013, controversies over fire engine and ambulance repair, the availability of vehicles for emergencies, and the location of vehicles are ongoing.
==Early history==
The District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department is known by a number of acronyms: DC FEMS, FEMS, DCFD, DC Fire, or Fire & EMS. It was established on July 1, 1884,〔 and is the municipal fire department and emergency medical service agency for Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. An organ of the devolved district government, DCFEMS is responsible for providing fire suppression, ambulance service, and hazardous materials containment for the federal district.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About FEMS )〕
DCFEMS firefighters and EMS personnel were major participants in the 1968 riots following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. The entire force was mobilized to battle more than 500 fires and perform 120 rescues during the four days of disorder. The department was riven by racial tension in the 1970s and 1980s, as the nearly all-white department became much more racially integrated and African American firefighters sought upper-level supervisory and management positions.〔Hsu, Spencer S. "Black D.C. Firefighters File Lawsuit". ''The Washington Post''. October 16, 2010.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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